Part 4 in a series exploring the use of various dramatic elements.

My definition of sound:

Modern theatrical practice relies on sound to assist in a number of ways. It can be useful in creating atmosphere or mood. Actors and their bodies can construct effective sound in performance. Small props can also create sound effects that can be used live during a show. Other uses of sound involve the implementation of technology, such as instrumental recordings, soundscapes and sound effects on CD.

My Year 11 Drama class explored sound in performance in a classroom setting via workshopping a brief skit. Their findings below refer to any use of sound in a dramatic performance that does not rely on the use of technology:

• sound can be created via exaggerated breathing or sighing
• sound can be created via a performer interacting with objects or props
• sound can be created by using the voice to create a myriad of sounds (eg. whoosh)
• sound can be created by using the body (limbs, feet etc.) for stomping, dragging feet and more
• sound can assist in the creation of tension, mood and changes in rhythm in a performance
• sound can be used to create a setting and develop character (eg. the typical teenage yawn)
• sound can assist in the visualisation of imaginary objects and props in a performance
• a complete lack of sound (silence) can also be very effective in a drama

Part 3 in a series exploring the use of various dramatic elements.

My definition of tension:

Tension can sometimes be used as an interchangeable term with conflict.  But where it differs, lies in the development of suspense in a performance.  As the audience anticipates certain outcomes in the plot, the tension builds.  An obvious example of rising tension is in a mystery or whodunit.  The development of tension usually parallels the advancement of the plot, leading to a crisis or climax. Tension is closely linked with timing.

After a bit of workshopiing and analytical discussion, my Drama students concluded:

• tension should preferably have the opportunity to build in the drama
• if tension builds too slowly, it will die in the middle of a scene
• if tension builds too quickly, it may appear ineffective or artificial
• pace now becomes a key factor in the development of tension
• tension can occur when performers raise their voice > shouting
• the opposite is also true, as tension can also occur with stillness and silence in the drama
• tension can be created by the unknown
• tension can be created simply by the audience following where characters look on (or off) stage
• tension can be created via heavy use of emotion/s with and between characters
• blocking (positioning of actors) can also create tension

Part 2 in a series exploring the use of various dramatic elements.

In this case, it was in the classroom with a simple skit devised by my Year 11 Drama students.

My definition of contrast:

Without the careful use of contrast a performance is boring and lacks tension.  An obvious example of contrast is a sad scene followed by a happy one. But contrast can be created in more subtle and sophisticated ways, such as manipulating the drama to create a change in setting, use of space or rhythm. The pace of scenes can also be altered, as can various dramatic elements within one small section of a performance.

My students’ found out about contrast themselves by manipulating their drama skit to include contrast. Their conclusions follow….

Examples of Contrast

• contrast between characters
• contrast in emotions
• contrast in pace
• contrast in the use of sound
• contrast between plots and subplots
• contrast in the use of space
• contrast in movement between characters
• contrast in facial expressions used by characters
• contrast in the use of voice by characters
• contrast in mood